CBERWhat happens when it goes wrong â
A design only proves itself when things go wrong. Here is what happens in a crisis, a war, a broken cable, or a breakthrough in battery technology.
If the economy booms or collapses â
Economic Growth â
Now: when the economy grows, banks hand out more loans, more money appears, and prices climb along with it.
With CBER: money can only be added if electricity is added. If that does not happen, the amount of money stays put while more is being produced. Prices then drift down slowly: the same money buys more. That rewards whoever produces more frugally. Whether it also puts a brake on things is an open question, and it sits in research.
Recession â
Now: credit dries up, money disappears from the system, and companies that were healthy in themselves go under.
With CBER: settlement does not freeze a loss-free claim. Queued claims share losses with comparable balances. A holder already supplied no longer bears later reserve losses. Earlier delivery can therefore have value; the Basic Pulse retains delivery priority and network capacity limits simultaneous delivery.
Everybody Wants to Redeem at Once â
Settlement does not make a queued claim loss-free. Already delivered electricity bears no later reserve loss, so a run remains possible. The Basic Pulse retains delivery priority; storage and shared network connections limit available power.
In detail
Now: a bank holds only a fraction of its deposits. Whoever reaches the counter first gets their money, the rest face a closed door, and it is that ordering which makes running the sensible move.
With CBER: settlement does not freeze a loss-free claim. Queued claims share losses with comparable balances. A holder already supplied no longer bears later reserve losses. Earlier delivery can therefore have value; the Basic Pulse retains delivery priority and network capacity limits simultaneous delivery.
What is a real limit is physics. The reserve can only deliver so much power at once, so a peak creates a public queue, and in it the Basic Pulse goes first. And a run at full backing is not free: the coins still add up afterwards, but the batteries are emptier, and you only notice that in the next dark period. Which is exactly why the amount of power callable at once stands next to the backing ratio, and why, on the slower cadence of the queue, so does how long the reserve lasts in winter weather.
If the power fails or there is war â
War or Physical Attack â
An attack shrinks the reserve, and the coin publicly carries the status under-backed straight away. The loss hits everyone holding a claim equally hard, at the same write-down factor: redeeming early saves nobody. Minting from over-backing locks until the gap is closed; the affected region keeps running meanwhile on its own batteries and generation, with the Basic Pulse intact.
In detail
What happens: an enemy destroys or occupies a large storage station.
What the system does: the reserve has shrunk and that shows up straight away. The backing ratio drops, the coin publicly carries the status under-backed from that moment on (colloquially: fiat), and the exchange rate adjusts.
The loss is spread in one move over everyone holding a claim on that reserve: coin holders and people who have already redeemed and are still waiting for delivery, at the same write-down factor. Whoever redeemed quickly just before the attack does not escape it. The backing ratio stays exactly where it was under that split: what disappears is reserve, not backing.
From that moment minting coins out of over-backing locks up. Every kilowatt-hour arriving afterwards closes the gap first instead of becoming a new coin, and that is precisely why the guarantee can come back afterwards. The affected region is cut loose and runs on neighbourhood batteries and its own generation, so the Basic Pulse there stays upright. The system does not lie about the damage; it spreads it.
Blackout (Power Outage) â
What happens: the national grid fails completely.
What the system does: every neighbourhood is built to run on its own as well. The battery on the corner keeps delivering, payments nearby carry on, and the Basic Pulse runs locally until the grid is back. This is exactly the difference with a balance on a server somewhere else: here your money lies next to you, in your own street.
Cyberattack on the Ledger â
What happens: hackers try to forge measurements or change balances.
What the system does: every measurement is signed by a sealed sensor and every node checks the rules itself. Cracking one place therefore gets you nothing. And if a gap still stands between what the ledger says and what is actually there, it goes into the public alarms automatically, the auditor and the witnesses sign off on it, and then it goes to court. The keystone is physical: you can hack a number, not a kilowatt-hour.
If the technology underneath shifts â
Hyperinflation of Fiat Currencies â
If the euro or dollar devalues, that changes nothing about the promise: a coin stays one kilowatt-hour. Your floor, your stored electricity and your electricity bill in Į¤ do not move with it. Only what you buy in euros or bring in from outside the zone gets dearer, for everyone; the rate at the door is set by the door itself, not us.
In detail
What happens: the euro or the dollar loses value at extreme speed through monetary dilution.
What the system does: nothing about the rate, because it promises nothing about it. What it does promise is that a coin stays one kilowatt-hour, whatever the euro does. Your floor, your stored electricity and your electricity bill in Į¤ do not move with a sinking euro; what you buy in euros, and everything that comes from outside the zone, gets dearer, as it does for everyone. How many euros a Į¤ then fetches at the door is decided by the door itself, not by us.
Energy Surplus or Energy Deficit â
- Energy surplus: once the reserve fills up, new claims stop; the excess feeds public projects or a higher Basic Pulse.
- Energy deficit: the reserve shrinks, the bank delivers less to luxury, and the rate at the door rises.
In detail
- Energy surplus: when electricity is structurally overproduced (say through a massive build-out of solar farms), a lot of energy flows into the reserve. Once the storage stations are full, the reserve ceiling kicks in. The bank stops minting new claims for extra storage, to prevent dilution. The surplus energy goes straight into public projects, or it raises the baseline of the Basic Pulse.
- Energy deficit: during lasting scarcity (say an extremely cold, windless winter), the reserve shrinks. The bank limits delivery to non-essential luxury sectors. The rate of the remaining Į¤ at the door rises, which pulls in energy imports from linked neighbouring countries.
New Battery Technology â
What happens: someone invents a cheap battery with 98% efficiency and hardly any self-discharge.
What the system does: this lowers the network losses and the degradation rate. The leak on luxury balances drops along with it automatically, through the algorithms of the open protocol. Holding Luxury Capacity gets cheaper, so the luxury economy gains stability. CBER rewards the breakthrough on the spot, by making the monetary infrastructure more efficient.
Foreign Buy-up of Power Rights â
A buyer from abroad is not a leak but a customer: a claim has no passport, using it locally is nearly loss-free, and taking it along is allowed at the full transport loss. The Basic Pulse, the reserve ceiling and the domestic grid connection sit outside the market, so you cannot buy those away; the transaction tax makes every purchase pay into everyone's basic ceiling.
In detail
What happens: a party in Tokyo buys up Dutch CBER claims at scale.
What the system does: the coin knows no passport: a claim is a claim, and a foreign buyer running a datacenter in Groningen on it is the same as a tourist spending euros. Two routes are open: use it where the reserve is (nearly loss-free: the kWh is consumed locally, the coin burns, claims and reserve fall together) or physically take the power along (also allowed, after netting, at the full measured transport loss for your own account: across an ocean a hefty share evaporates, and that is on the meter in advance). Almost everyone picks route one, voluntarily. The citizen is protected by what is never for sale: the Basic Pulse sits outside the market, the reserve ceiling bounds total claims, hoarding costs leakage, and the grid connection stays domestic infrastructure. Better still: every foreign purchase pays into everyone's basic ceiling through the transaction tax. A buyer from Tokyo is not a leak but a customer.