Sources

This chapter contains academic and institutional references that underpin the concepts and methodologies of CBER. The bibliography is categorised by theme.

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1. Thermodynamics and Ecological Economics

• Daly, H. E. (1991). Steady-State Economics: Second Edition with New Essays. Island Press.
  Context: The groundwork of steady-state economics, and where material growth runs into its limits.
• Georgescu-Roegen, N. (1971). The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Harvard University Press.
  Context: Brought the laws of thermodynamics into economic theory, with entropy as a boundary the economy cannot argue its way past.
• Soddy, F. (1926). Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt: The Solution of the Economic Paradox. George Allen & Unwin.
  Context: Debt grows exponentially, physical reality does not. Soddy set that gap out a century ago.
• Hall, C. A., & Klitgaard, K. A. (2018). Energy and the Wealth of Nations: An Introduction to Biophysical Economics. Springer.
  Context: Biophysical economics, and how much net energy (EROI) a society needs to keep its own complexity running.

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2. Monetary History and Experiments

• Fisher, I. (1933). Stamp Scrip. Adelphi Company.
  Context: Local money with a leak built in (demurrage), so that it keeps moving instead of sitting still.
• Gesell, S. (1916). The Natural Economic Order. Self-published.
  Context: The theory behind 'Freigeld' and monetary demurrage.
• Graeber, D. (2011). Debt: The First 5000 Years. Melville House.
  Context: Money as administrative memory and as a credit relationship, against the myth that it all started with barter.
• Lietaer, B. (2001). The Future of Money: Creating New Wealth, Work and a Wiser World. Century.
  Context: How to design complementary and community currencies so that an economy can take a hit and keep going.

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3. Systems Theory and Complex Adaptive Systems

• Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer. Chelsea Green Publishing.
  Context: How systems behave: feedback loops, and the leverage points where a small push changes a great deal.
• Arthur, W. B. (2015). Complexity and the Economy. Oxford University Press.
  Context: The economy as a complex adaptive system that never settles into equilibrium.
• Ostrogorsky, M. (1902). Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties. Macmillan.
  Context: Why social and administrative organisations keep drifting towards the centre.

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4. Institutional and Scientific Reports

• International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2020). The Future of Digital Money: Digital Currencies and the Monetary System. IMF Policy Paper.
  Context: CBDCs, and what digitalisation does to the monetary system.
• Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (2021). CBDCs: An Opportunity for the Monetary System. Annual Economic Report.
  Context: The technical and administrative plumbing behind centralised digital currencies.
• International Energy Agency (IEA) (2023). Global EV Outlook 2023: Catching up with Climate Targets. IEA Report.
  Context: Figures on how fast electric vehicles are growing, and what they could do as Vehicle-to-Grid storage.
• European Central Bank (ECB) (2022). Digital Euro Project: Progress Report. ECB Publications.
  Context: The technical specifications and the stated aims of the digital euro.